Health is not a binary concept. It's on a spectrum, ranging from minor aches to full-blown injuries that make the player in question totally unsuitable to play. So the question is where VdV (and Romero) was on that spectrum entering into game. Imposible to know for sure, but since both went down at the same game I'm inclined to assume that they were closer to having full-blown injuries that never really healed. And this doesn't have to be all on medical staff either. Some symptoms are unobservable from an outside perspective, you need to take the person's word for it. You can never (dis)prove how much pain one feels for example. If they say they're hurting, even if there's nothing observable in the x-ray or whatever, you need to take their word for it. And players falling behind or staying ahead of their recovery schedule is common. So I wouldn't blame medical staff for clearing them to play, even if average recovery schedule for that particular injury makes it unlikely that they actually fully recovered.
I don't know if any party deserves the entire blame here to be honest. At least until we get more information. Players play through (minor) injuries all the time. They hate to be sidelined, or they feel like they're letting their teammates down by sitting. Sometimes it causes permanent damage to the extent that their careers are cut short because of it. It's quite possible that VdV and Romero pushed themselves for the good of the team. I also wouldn't past it Ange to ask (read:demand) them to play. Managers, especially ones feeling under pressure, are quite known for doing this. My point is that it doesn't have to be an either/or.
Decision making process in groups, especially if the parties involved are closely associated, do not usually involve fierce bickering. They work more like echo chambers where the initial (wrong) opinion is further reinforced by all parties in the cycle, with lots of make-believe and wishful thinking involved. I'm not sure, but this seems like such a case to me.